Randell Mills and the Search for Hydrino Energy

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Randell Mills and the Search for Hydrino Energy

EUV Grazing-Incidence Spectrometer

When the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer went up in 1995, it conducted a follow-up search for diffuse EUV background radiation in the interstellar medium (ISM). It was not specifically designed for diffuse observations, but it had the most sensitive equipment yet in space. It could do wide angle observation and subtract foreground sources to obtain background noise more likely due to diffuse sources. It found a clean spectrum with broad emission lines at 304 Å, 537 Å, and 584 Å, but none of the unexplained lines picked up by the earlier spectrometers on Bowyer's sounding rocket.

Quantum Spherical Harmonics

To account for the different electron orbits, Schrödinger used spherical harmonic functions, mathematical equations that produce beautiful patterns that are symmetrical about a sphere. The electron, in its diffuse emanation, changes its density to occupy one of these patterns. Each had a different energy corresponding to the electron orbit.

Radiating Ring of Electrons

Thomson found, however, that the more electrons were placed in each ring, the less radiation was emitted overall. In fact, the radiation from many electrons was deconstructively interfering. Especially if the electrons were orbiting at low velocities, the radiation drain could be reduced by several orders of magnitude for each new electron placed in the same orbit. 

Perhaps, Thomson speculated, atoms radiated continuously, but at such low levels that it was very difficult to observe.  And he discovered that if electrons were packed into an orbit to form a continuous ring of charge, the radiation drain would theoretically drop completely to zero.

Rings of Dark Matter

Perhaps it was the same problem Zwicky had seen with the Coma Cluster, and Smith with the Virgo Cluster, and Oort with the Spindle Galaxy. Over the next decade, every galaxy studied had a flat rotation curve. Astrophysicists ran computational simulations of the dynamics of galaxies to study their motion. If our theory of gravity is correct over large scales, the whole Andromeda galaxy - as with perhaps most galaxies - is surrounded, submerged, and stabilized by enormous halos of unseen matter that increase in ratio to visible matter as you move outward from the center of the disk. This dark matter gives off very little or no light, yet represents not just some of what is out there, but the overwhelming majority of matter in the universe, perhaps ten times what can be seen. 

These results are incredible, and astronomers received it with incredible hostility; some thought that Ford and Rubin were ruining their career by pursuing it. Dark matter became the source of arguments at conferences. But eventually astronomers had no choice but to accept the overwhelming evidence that there was a serious problem. 

With a visible sigh, they began to theorize.

A Galactic Collision

We experience time on a characteristic human scale. A starfish on the beach appears to only barely move. But time-lapse film shows that starfish are active, even social creatures. We need to alter our experience of time to truly observe a starfish. Longer is that of a redwood tree, or a continent, or a mountain. Galaxies live in cosmological time, and if we alter our perception to match, we find an equally social existence. 

Galaxies often collide, over millions of years, their stars interpenetrating and intermingling in a kind of cosmic mating ritual. The gravitational maelstrom of these encounters can often spin off a small eddy of stars that becomes a new galaxy, a cosmic birth. These young dwarf galaxies carry off stars, dust, and gas that originated in small regions of one or both of the parent galaxies, as if we had drawn the sample out with a syringe.

DNA Dancers

The phosphate strands, joined by a ladder of base pairs, spiral around one another in a double-helix. Seeing the structure visualized with Mills' theory was not just a milestone for our software, a satisfying culmination of a year of development work, but an extraordinary experience of beauty. 

The strands seemed to be dancers, spinning, their energy and momentum thrusting them outward, their free arm flying through the air, their other locked with that of their partner.

Yes, I think I fell in love with the DNA molecule in that moment. Nature, in all her indifference to human life, is beautiful; in the abstract form of her physical architecture we find reflections of our own memory and experience.